Evening Primrose Oil
Evening primrose oil (INCI name Oenothera Biennis Oil) is rated 2 to 3 on our list, a range whose top puts it in the moderate band, and the number is traced: Fulton 1989 graded it 3.
Like every rating here, it is for the raw ingredient tested alone, and a label does not print how much of it a product holds.
Is evening primrose oil comedogenic?
Evening Primrose Oil is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale: our list gives it a range from 2 to 3, and the band follows the 3 at the top.
A plant oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid, used as an emollient. Fulton 1989 graded it 3 in the rabbit-ear test.
- Comedogenic rating
- 2–3 out of 5 (a range on our list)
- Band
- Moderate: Borderline plugging in the rabbit-ear test. Worth a look in a leave-on product.
- Where the number comes from
- Traced to Fulton 1989. The section on who rated it prints each grade.
- Composition
- Natural Oil / Oils (High in linoleic acid)
- Also written as
- No common variants recorded
What a 2–3 means in practice
Three is the middle of the scale. Fulton 1989 counted 2 to 3 as borderline in the rabbit-ear test: some plugging of the follicles, short of a clear positive. Whether it matters depends on how high it sits on the label and whether the product stays on your skin.
Two things change what this number is worth. Ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration, so evening primrose oil near the top of a label matters far more than evening primrose oil at the bottom. And the rating describes the raw ingredient on its own. A 2006 review in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that a rating for a single ingredient does not reliably predict how a finished formula behaves on human skin. The full story of the scale is here.
Who rated it
Our list gives evening primrose oil 2–3. These are the figures the published rabbit-ear studies we have read give it, as printed in each paper's table.
| Paper | Grade | Tested as |
|---|---|---|
| Fulton 1989 | Grade 3 | Tested as Evening primrose oil |
Our list's lowest figure, 2, is lower than anything in these papers.
Fungal acne
Evening Primrose Oil matches rule 4, plant or animal oil or butter , on the fungal acne checker. A plant or animal oil, mostly triglycerides. The rule comes from lab studies of what Malassezia yeast can feed on, and it is not a verdict on any product.
What safety reviewers say
The rating above is about pore plugging in a rabbit-ear test. Whether evening primrose oil is safe to use in cosmetics is a separate question. Below is the conclusion of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), a US expert panel, and what the EU ingredient database, CosIng, lists for it. We quote CIR's conclusion as written, read on 1 November 2026.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US)
- In a 2017 review of 244 plant-derived fatty acid oils, evening primrose oil among them, the panel concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment”. Safety Assessment of Plant-Derived Fatty Acid Oils, 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- What it does in a product (EU CosIng)
- Listed as OENOTHERA BIENNIS OIL: skin conditioning (emollient). CosIng entry (opens in a new tab)
- EU restrictions
- None. CosIng shows no entry for it in the annexes of the EU Cosmetics Regulation.
What we make of this. CIR's conclusion does not grade pore plugging, so on its own it neither confirms nor contradicts the 2–3 on our list. A safety review looks at things like irritation, allergy and toxicity at the amounts products use, and the rating is only about pores, so read them side by side.
Common questions
- Is evening primrose oil comedogenic?
- Evening Primrose Oil is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale: our list gives it a range from 2 to 3, and the band follows the 3 at the top.
- Is evening primrose oil non comedogenic?
- No. Evening Primrose Oil is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale, which is the moderate band. That is a published rating for the ingredient rather than a verdict on any product containing it.
- What is evening primrose oil's comedogenic rating?
- 2–3 out of 5 on our list. It is classed as Natural Oil / Oils (High in linoleic acid).
Sources we checked this rating against
- Kligman AM, Kwong T. “An improved rabbit ear model for assessing comedogenic substances.” British Journal of Dermatology, June 1979;100(6):699–702. (opens in a new tab) The rabbit-ear assay behind published 0 to 5 comedogenicity grades.
- Fulton JE Jr. “Comedogenicity and irritancy of commonly used ingredients in skin care products.” Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, November/December 1989;40(6):321–333. (opens in a new tab) Rabbit ear. Each ingredient at 10 percent in propylene glycol unless stated, applied five days a week for two weeks, and graded 0 to 5 from the width of the follicles, measured by micrometer and under the microscope. The paper counts 0 to 1 as not significant, 2 to 3 as borderline and 4 to 5 as positive. Some grades depended on the supplier of the raw material, and some oils were also tested refined.
- Draelos ZD, DiNardo JC. “A re-evaluation of the comedogenicity concept.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, March 2006;54(3):507–512. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.11.1058 (opens in a new tab) Tested finished products on the backs of six people and concluded that “Finished products using comedogenic ingredients are not necessarily comedogenic.”