D&C Red Pigments (#3, 17, 19, 21, 27, 30, 36, 40)
D&C red pigments, which our list names D&C Red Pigments (#3, 17, 19, 21, 27, 30, 36, 40), is rated 2 to 3 on our list, a range whose top puts it in the moderate band, and that number is unconfirmed: we have not traced it to a published study (what unconfirmed means).
Like every rating here, it is for the raw ingredient tested alone, and a label does not print how much of it a product holds.
Is D&C red pigments comedogenic?
D&C Red Pigments is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale: our list gives it a range from 2 to 3, and the band follows the 3 at the top.
Coal tar-derived synthetic colorants used extensively in blushes, lipsticks, and foundations.
- Comedogenic rating
- 2–3 out of 5 (a range on our list)
- Band
- Moderate: Borderline plugging in the rabbit-ear test. Worth a look in a leave-on product.
- Where the number comes from
- Unconfirmed. We could not trace this rating to a study we have read; the section on who rated it says what we checked.
- Composition
- Synthetic Dye(s) / Pigments
- Also written as
- No common variants recorded
What a 2–3 means in practice
Three is the middle of the scale. Fulton 1989 counted 2 to 3 as borderline in the rabbit-ear test: some plugging of the follicles, short of a clear positive. Whether it matters depends on how high it sits on the label and whether the product stays on your skin.
Two things change what this number is worth. Ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration, so d&c red pigments near the top of a label matters far more than d&c red pigments at the bottom. And the rating describes the raw ingredient on its own. A 2006 review in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that a rating for a single ingredient does not reliably predict how a finished formula behaves on human skin. The full story of the scale is here.
This is a colour additive, so it turns up mostly in makeup. See the other makeup ingredients on the list.
Who rated it
We could not trace the 2–3 on our list to a paper we have read. Fulton 1989 grades the D&C red pigments one by one, but that part of its table has no text layer, so we could read the grades only once and have not used them. The list does not say where its numbers came from, so treat this number as unconfirmed rather than as one we can tie to a table.
Common questions
- Is D&C red pigments comedogenic?
- D&C Red Pigments is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale: our list gives it a range from 2 to 3, and the band follows the 3 at the top. We have not found a published study that grades it, so treat this number as unconfirmed.
- Is D&C red pigments non comedogenic?
- No. D&C Red Pigments is rated 2–3 on the comedogenic scale, which is the moderate band. That is the number on our list rather than a verdict on any product. We have not traced it to a published study, so treat it as unconfirmed.
- What is D&C red pigments's comedogenic rating?
- 2–3 out of 5 on our list. It is classed as Synthetic Dye(s) / Pigments. We have not found a published study that grades it, so treat this number as unconfirmed.
Sources we checked this rating against
- Kligman AM, Kwong T. “An improved rabbit ear model for assessing comedogenic substances.” British Journal of Dermatology, June 1979;100(6):699–702. (opens in a new tab) The rabbit-ear assay behind published 0 to 5 comedogenicity grades.
- Fulton JE Jr. “Comedogenicity and irritancy of commonly used ingredients in skin care products.” Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, November/December 1989;40(6):321–333. (opens in a new tab) Rabbit ear. Each ingredient at 10 percent in propylene glycol unless stated, applied five days a week for two weeks, and graded 0 to 5 from the width of the follicles, measured by micrometer and under the microscope. The paper counts 0 to 1 as not significant, 2 to 3 as borderline and 4 to 5 as positive. Some grades depended on the supplier of the raw material, and some oils were also tested refined.
- Draelos ZD, DiNardo JC. “A re-evaluation of the comedogenicity concept.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, March 2006;54(3):507–512. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.11.1058 (opens in a new tab) Tested finished products on the backs of six people and concluded that “Finished products using comedogenic ingredients are not necessarily comedogenic.”